Is thinking about yourself helping, and how would you tell?
Paul Trapnell and Jennifer Campbell · Private Self-Consciousness and the Five-Factor Model, JPSP 76 · 1999
B · Replicated, size uncertain
The same behaviour, thinking about oneself, splits into two factors with opposite correlates. Reflection is curiosity about oneself and tracks with openness. Rumination is repetitive, self-focused attention on threat and loss, and tracks with neuroticism. The distinguishing feature is not frequency but whether the loop terminates in a conclusion or an action.
ProbeFor one week, tag each self-focused episode: did it end in a decision, or did it return to the start. Count both.
Next
What happens if you drop the self-criticism, without dropping the standard?